ENGLISH ADVANCED LEVEL
🔴 ENGLISH ADVANCED LEVEL – FULL CONTENT
🧩 Topic 1: Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous
🗣️ In English
Both tenses describe actions connected to the present, but they have different focuses.
-
Present Perfect → Focus on the result of an action.
(We care about what has been done.) -
Present Perfect Continuous → Focus on the duration or ongoing nature of an action.
(We care about how long it has been happening.)
🇪🇸 En español
Ambos tiempos verbales se usan para hablar de acciones relacionadas con el presente, pero tienen enfoques distintos:
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Present Perfect → Se centra en el resultado de la acción.
(Importa lo que se ha hecho.) -
Present Perfect Continuous → Se centra en la duración o continuidad de la acción.
(Importa cuánto tiempo lleva ocurriendo.)
📘 Structures
| Tense | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present Perfect | have/has + past participle | I have finished my homework. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have/has + been + verb-ing | I have been studying for two hours. |
🧠 Examples
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She has worked in this company since 2015. (Result: she still works there.)
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She has been working here for 8 years. (Focus on the duration.)
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I’ve read three chapters. (The result is important.)
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I’ve been reading for an hour. (The process is important.)
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🧩 Topic 2: The Passive Voice (La Voz Pasiva)
🗣️ In English
The Passive Voice is used when the action is more important than the person doing it.
It’s often used in formal writing, news, and scientific contexts.
Structure:
Subject + to be (in correct tense) + past participle (+ by + agent)
🇪🇸 En español
La voz pasiva se usa cuando la acción es más importante que quién la realiza.
Se usa mucho en textos formales, noticias o informes.
Estructura:
Sujeto + verbo “to be” (en el tiempo correcto) + participio pasado (+ by + agente)
🧠 Examples
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Active: The chef cooked the meal.
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Passive: The meal was cooked by the chef.
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Active: People speak English all over the world.
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Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
⚙️ Common Passive Forms
| Tense | Passive Example |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | The book is written by J.K. Rowling. |
| Past Simple | The letter was sent yesterday. |
| Present Perfect | The results have been published. |
| Future | The project will be completed next week. |
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🧩 Topic 3: Conditionals (Condicionales)
🗣️ In English
Conditionals are used to talk about real or imaginary situations and their results.
There are five main types.
🇪🇸 En español
Los condicionales se usan para hablar de situaciones reales o hipotéticas y sus consecuencias.
Existen cinco tipos principales.
📘 Types of Conditionals
| Type | Structure | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | If + present, + present | If water boils, it turns into steam. | Scientific facts |
| First | If + present, + will | If it rains, I will stay home. | Real future |
| Second | If + past, + would | If I had money, I would travel. | Unreal / hypothetical |
| Third | If + past perfect, + would have | If I had studied, I would have passed. | Unreal past |
| Mixed | If + past perfect, + would | If I had studied, I would be happy now. | Past condition → present result |
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🧩 Topic 4: Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)
🗣️ In English
Reported speech is used to report what someone said without quoting them directly.
Rule:
When reporting, we usually shift the tense back one step in time.
🇪🇸 En español
El estilo indirecto se usa para contar lo que alguien dijo sin citarlo textualmente.
Generalmente, se cambia el tiempo verbal un paso hacia atrás.
🧠 Examples
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| “I am tired,” she said. | She said (that) she was tired. |
| “I will call you,” he said. | He said (that) he would call me. |
| “I have finished,” she said. | She said (that) she had finished. |
⚠️ Time Expressions Change Too
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| today → | that day |
| yesterday → | the day before |
| tomorrow → | the next day |
| now → | then |
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🧩 Topic 5: Relative Clauses (Oraciones de Relativo)
🗣️ In English
Relative clauses give extra information about a noun using words like who, which, that, where, and whose.
🇪🇸 En español
Las oraciones de relativo añaden información adicional sobre un sustantivo usando palabras como who, which, that, where y whose.
📘 Examples
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The teacher who lives next door is from Canada.
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This is the movie which I told you about.
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The house that we bought is big.
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The city where I was born is beautiful.
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The man whose car was stolen is my neighbor.
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🧩 Topic 6: Idioms and Phrasal Verbs
🗣️ In English
Idioms are expressions whose meanings aren’t literal.
Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and prepositions that create new meanings.
🇪🇸 En español
Los idioms son expresiones cuyo significado no es literal.
Los phrasal verbs son combinaciones de verbos con preposiciones que cambian completamente su significado.
📘 Examples
| Expression | Meaning | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Break the ice | Start a conversation | Romper el hielo |
| Hit the books | Study hard | Estudiar mucho |
| Give up | Stop trying | Rendirse |
| Look after | Take care of | Cuidar |
| Run out of | Have no more | Quedarse sin |
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🧩 Topic 7: Advanced Connectors and Academic Writing
🗣️ In English
Advanced connectors make writing more formal, fluent, and coherent.
🇪🇸 En español
Los conectores avanzados ayudan a escribir textos más formales, fluidos y coherentes.
📘 Examples
| Function | Connector | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | moreover, furthermore, in addition | Moreover, students should practice daily. |
| Contrast | however, nevertheless, although | Although it was late, she kept working. |
| Cause / Effect | therefore, as a result, due to | She was tired; therefore, she went to bed early. |
| Example | for instance, such as | There are many fruits, such as apples and oranges. |
| Conclusion | in conclusion, to sum up | In conclusion, learning English requires consistency. |
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🎯 Final Goal
By the end of this advanced course, you will be able to:
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Communicate naturally in formal and informal settings.
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Understand native-level English in movies, articles, and discussions.
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Write essays, reports, and emails in perfect English.
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Speak with fluency, confidence, and accuracy.
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